Reflection over Oct 1o session:
1. What organization model would work best to initiate school reform in your own context?
2. Qualified women in modern organizations including schools do not receive equal treatment or respect. Do you agree to that concern? Defend your answer.
Anita Lie
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The school emphasizes the professional development for teachers and administrators. So, it will help all students reach high academic standards. Also providing faculty and community with a shared vision, focus, and organizing framework that shapes and directs reform efforts.The school should offer innovative and effective ways to involve parents and community in schooling, and maximize structure of the school organization to avoid the leak of funds, such as there are some treasures in State vocational School. It will be better if a treasure for all department: Hotel and Tourism, Fashion,Food and Beverage.The last is a good bureaucracy or system of administration of the school.
2. I do not agree to that concern because we, as human being, have equal opportunities in all functions in society or in an organization on the basis of women's and men's equal status. Women and men shall receive equal treatment, authorities or organizations within the public administration and in connection with school and general activities
Sugeng Mulyanto
1.The school reformation is not an easy thing to do since there some elements such as teachers,staff, principal, society and school system. My school applies the simple professional system. The principal is able to mingle with the school members. She also runs regular meeting for teachers, staff and parents.The school involves all the school members in joining workshops and meeting. The teachers have freedom to develop themselves and there is also regular observation done by the principal or HODs. The school also involves all school members to share their ideas and opinions in responding school programs and important issue. In spite of all those positive sides, there is one negative side of school authority in my school. There is a powerful person who can fire or sack teachers just based on " like and dislike. Although it rarely happens in the school but I think It is better if this person becomes more professional in making decision. It will be much better if the principal is the one who makes decision related to that kind of policy.
2. To some extent, I agree to that concern because I still find some qualified women who do not get respect from the members in schools. For example, the female principle in my classmate's school. the principal does not the respect from most of the school members. On the other hand, I have got experiences to be a member of female leaders and they got the respect from their members including the male ones.
1. Reforming a school from one condition or situation to a better one is harder than just form a well-developed one. I do agree that Weberian structure is the ideal type for forming a school. A good school needs a structure and set of regulations in place to control activity. To set a good bureaucratic pattern in a school, it needs to standardize the procedure that dictates the implementation of most or all processes within the body, powers, hierarchy, and relationships. In the other hand, this bureaucratic pattern should be kept upright with its professional administrators, operating core, and support staff. Those two aspects (bureaucratic and professional) should work and go along. Lacking one of those aspects will affect the school. This kind of problem always happens in any school, no perfect school. Building good structure and regulations can be obtained maximally, but providing schools with perfectly professional people is one big problem. So, to start the reformation, we should achieve high bureaucratic pattern and then we can start to seek the professional administrators and teachers.
2. I do agree with the opinion that some qualified women in modern organization do not receive equal treatment or respect. Eventhough many people say that men and women are equally treated, but it’s hard to be applied. It seems that women should have double standards to be outstanding. It means that women should achieve everything twice than men do. But, I don’t think that this happens in school. Since most of teachers and workers there are women. They know how it feels to be ones and how to treat and respect them.
Dear Prof. Dr. Anita Lie,
Hereby I attached my answers to the questions. Thank you for your kind attention.
Yours Sincerely,
CAECILIA MARIA HARTATI
1. So far I have observed that my work place is of the authoritarian organization model because everybody with no exception must abide to the rules and procedures and the Board of Directors as the top superiors have the top power. Unfortunately they do not often listen to the teachers or other staff. They do not negotiate with the subordinates and often make unfavorable decisions concerning the school. There is an impression of ‘take it or leave it’. Moreover the superiors do not have a close a relationship with the subordinates. The superiors tend to be ‘high in the sky’ and the subordinates are ‘down in the Earth’. There is never a time for sitting and discussing things together and reaching a decision that is favorable to both sides. People who have been working longest get the promotion not the competent ones. I believe the Weberian organization model will work best to initiate school reform at my work place as it allows superiors and subordinates to share in decision making and decisions are reached in accordance with the interests of both sides. In this model, the bureaucratic attributes of hierarchy, rules, procedures and impersonality exist to keep high discipline of both sides but competence and specialization of teachers play an important role in job promotion. The superiors also have less formal relationship with the subordinates so that the working atmosphere is pleasant.
2. I absolutely agree that qualified women in modern organizations including schools do not receive equal treatment or respect. One good example is the former Indonesian President, Mrs.Megawati Soekarnoputri, often became the target of criticism or scorn by the community when something unfavorable occurred in Indonesia such as: the fuel price hike or corruption cases just because she is a lady and is considered less qualified than a man when governing a big country like Indonesia. In business the same managerial position with the same responsibilities held by a man or a woman lead to different amount of salary and a woman manager always gets less than a man. In schools some students think that a woman teacher is less capable than a man teacher and often school principals assign more jobs or responsibilities to men because they consider men more capable than women. These examples indicate that women get unequal treatment or respect although in reality many of them outdo men. It is time to treat women equally as men in any fields.
I'd like to comment on Ms. Caecilia's opinion. I think our former president, Mrs Megawati was critized not because she is a female president but it was caused by incapability in governing the country.
1. Weberian can be a good organization model. From the function of Weberian model, it can produce expertise people, the orientation is rational, the hierarchy of the authority is dicipline and coordinate well, the rules and regulations are continuity and uniformity. But, I think that it also depends on the situation and the environment of the school. Having many rules can be good but it cannot be too strick. For me, individual or personal approach is also important. Each person has his or her own vision. By knowing their vision, we know whether the person can walk together with the school vision or not. We cannot force someone to do what the school wants if he or she does not want to do it.
If all the members of the school have good skill, that is good. But if their personality is not good, I think this is not good for build a good image of the school. Having good character or integrity is very important. For instance, one of the members of the school is very skillful, but he/she does not want to share and becomes arrogant. A humble person is more necessary compare with skillful person who does not have integrity. So, I think the organization model that would work best to initiate school is the model between Weberian and professional. The model that has personal approach inside it, the member can be skillful with good personality but can be with person who does not have too much skill and he/she wants to learn. Also people who have the same vision or at least his/her vision is almost the same with the school.
2. I think not all schools or modern organizations treat qualified women with disrespectful. In Bu Astuti’s school can be one of the examples qualified woman who does not receive equal treatment or respect. People who treat that qualified woman like that because they are envious and they do not want to admit that there is someone who is better than them, especially if she is a woman. The other reason because people think that male characteristics of independence, rationality, and competitiveness are dominant instrumental features of beraucracy while the more feminine features of dependence, emotionality, and cooperation are subordinate properties properties of organizations.
But, there are also schools or organizationas that treat qualified women with respectful. For example, the principal of Elyon school. She deserves to receive equal treatment and respect because she is really good and competence as a principal. As long as she does her job well and shows a good performance, she has to receive the equal treatment or respect.
So I disagree if qualified women do not receive equal treatment or respect, in fact she is really good.
Dear Prof. Anita
Here is my first reflection
1. In my opinion, I would like to use a professional structure to initiate school reform. The reason is that a professional structure can be used as a strong foundation to build good school. It has clear structure which consists of expert staff whose competence is needed in forming a successful school. Expert staff usually has better knowledge. The rules are used as a guidance to produce better result, not as threaten which frightened the teachers. By involving expert staff, hopefully, every problem faced can be solved easily.
2. Definitely no. Both women and men will have no treatment if they cannot place themselves on the right place. Successful principals whether they are women or men must build their own charisma to be respected. They can be closed to the staff relating to the work they face. The individual characteristics of the principals influence much to being respected. For example, they should differentiate between the job and the individual relationship, when they should be strict and brave to take the decision with any risk, or when they should be calm to face a conflict. A respectful principal should listen more than talk. By listening she can learn the staffs’ characteristics which can be used to handle and make them reluctant to look down her. Based on the charisma which the principals have, they will be respected although they just women.
1. I guess it will be difficult to reform the school that has the rooted organization structure. However it would be good if Weberian model can be applied in my school. So far I see that my school, more or less, are applying the Authoritarian structure in which the power flows from top to bottom. By using Weberian style, the school can be improved, or can be better than what it is now, since the professionals can take part in deciding something.
2. I agree about the statement in a certain extent. The example is we can find that most of the principals in schools are usually men even though the schools have female teachers that are more qualified than them. However I do not totally agree with the statement because in my workplace, women deserve the equal right like the men as long as they (the women) are qualified. For example in my workplace the vice directors are women, the last period the director and the vice directors are women. So I supposed that the equality happens in my workplace.
1. Reforming a school is the hardest thing to be done, especially if it deals with the school system. Besides, it involves many people like the principal, staffs, and teachers. So, it is quite difficult to be applied. My school applies professional system. The good thing from my school is the quality of the principal. The principal is willing to listen and appreciate every single person at the school. She believes that everybody is important. Office boys, security, receptionist, administrators, teachers, students, parents have an important role for the school development. To develop the teachers’ skill, the principal holds some training and workshop. The aim of these activities is to encourage the teachers to exchange ideas, knowledge, opinion and experiences. Every school has the good and the bad side. Actually, there are two leaders in my school – the principal and the general manager. The principal is responsible to the academic matter. She is brave enough in making decision as long as it is good for school development. On the other hand, the general manager (GM) cannot be professional unlike the principal. The GM is the owner of the school. She handles all the staffs and can fire everyone in anytime. It is just a matter “like or dislike”. If the GM likes that person so much, she will do anything to make him stay longer working at school. For example, she will increase the salary and give more facility to that person. However, if somebody makes small mistakes, she can fire that person directly. Last year, my head teacher had a quarrel with her colleague. Actually, it was not a big problem because there was no any complain from the parents. It was completely misunderstanding. She listens to the other teacher without giving chance to my head teacher to give explanation. At that time, the GM directly cut the contract of the teacher and she did not want that teacher to work in that school anymore. In my opinion, it is better to have one leader only in school– the principal who has the authority in making decision related to the policy.
2. I definitely agree that qualified women in modern organizations including schools do not receive equal treatment or respect. Many people say that men and women should be treated equally. However, I still find some qualified women who do not get respect from the members in schools. It does not mean that if you are a female, you cannot be a good leader for others. For example, my previous principal when I was working there, everyone seems to ignore her and nobody respects on her. It can be seen from the meeting. Every time we had a meeting with her, some of the teacher especially males try to push her down. It was bad habit. Everyone in this world is unique. Nobody is perfect right! Thus, starting from now on the members of the school must learn how to treat and appreciate the female leader.
1.The school reformation means that we improve something that goes on in schools. The successful reformers should be able to use appropriate strategies to handle any obstacle facing by the school. The professional structure of organization model will work best to initiate school reformation which involves active participation from school leader, teacher and staff. The leader would be able to monitor their teacher practice in teaching and students learning. The leader would be able to listen to the teacher’s ideas and suggestions toward the improvement of the school. Moreover, the school leaders should be able to modify the structure and culture of the school to support the reformation of the school. Another factor which can support the reformation of the school are students, parents’ involvement, facilities of the school and financial of the school. A good leader is the one who can combine and improve all elements of the school and bring it into the professional one.
2.I disagree with that concern because I can see some women succeed in leading their school. In my workplace, the leader is a woman. She got a respect from the teacher as well as their staffs. She is a qualified leader although she is still young. She has a lot of experiences in leading an organization when she was in college. At that time, I can see that she is a good leader in her organization. The members of the organization also respect her decision. Before making a decision, she always asks the members of the organization. The members are allowed to give comment or critiques. I think women also get an equal treatment as long as she is responsible in carrying out her organization. Women also have rights to be what they want to be.
1. The school reformation a difficult thing to do. We have to consider some other important elements, such as principal, teachers, staff, parents, society around the school and school system itself. The organizational model used in my school is professional model. It can be seen from what the principal does everyday. She always circulates around the school, greeting the teachers, and is able to mingle with the school members. She is responsible with the school programs, and has regular meeting with the teachers, parents, and board. However, she sometimes goes to the authoritarian side. She is very skillful to make people hesitate to say no. As long as she does not do that very often and not for her own benefit, then I think it will be fine, because so far my school’s progress is satisfying.
2. It depends on the field. If I see from the schools’ point of view, I do not agree at all. There are so many female leaders in schools nowadays, and their abilities in leading and managing the school are not bad, and even better than some male school leaders. And usually they are respected and treated equally. But if I see from other organizations point of view, such as taxi drivers, most people will underestimate female taxi driver. Perhaps they will not show an obvious reaction of underestimating because actually they all know that there is nothing wrong for a woman to be a taxi driver.
1. I think simple professional bureaucracy can be a good example of school reform. In simple professional bureaucracy, centralization is high also specialization. Centralization is high means strong principal or coordinator monitors all activities in school. Specialization is high means members in school achieve to be trained -professionals. In result, the school have skilled teachers who are disciplined.
Also, in simple professional bureaucracy, structure should be like a symphony orchestra. Cooperation of member is essential, such as the members collaborate to achieve goals, the upper level help the subordinate, coordinators share a goals, principal gives direction for teachers.
In short, simple professional bureaucracy is the best model for organization. Since it involved centralization and specialization. Besides, collaboration is the important aspect of school, such as teachers help each other, the supervisors share their experiences among teachers and the principals share the goals with teachers.
Well-designed structure in school is nothing without collaboration among members in school.
2. I do not agree the opinion.
Perhaps in Bu Astutik’s school, the people who do not respect with female leaders underestimate with the female leader’s background. I think if the female leaders are capable to lead the organization, we should respect with them.
To some extent, women are better than men. They are more patience and persistent in work. Moreover, women are stronger than men. They work to earn money also take care their home.( I give two thumb up for them )
For the first question: I think to design an organizational model that would work best to initiate school reform we need to know our organization condition at this moment. In what condition this organization now. Are they need urgent reform or need long term reform? Are they in crucial problem or they just coping the normal problem? This knowledge will lead us to decide which part in new organizational model that could answer the problem.
The simplest organizational model is one leader with several staff (secretary and accountant). This model assume that all of decision done by the leader. This model could increase their organization by delegate some responsibilities from leader to someone else; such as coordinator of curriculum, coordinator of intern business, or coordinator of something else that need to delegate from the leader.
For the second question: I disagree with that statement. I believe if some one has the abilities to be a leader, that she or he will have a respect. Problem of respect or equal treatment might happen in the beginning of her leading, but if she qualified in her position, I believe that she will get equal respect. But for equal treatment, I think this is little bit different. As a woman could not do the same activities with man. By the way those differences would not lead to disrespect because women also could do something that man could not do.
Felisia Dewi
In order to initiate school reform in my own context, the best organization model that would work is Mintzberg’s semiprofessional bureaucracy. The school that I work in is a language school. The teachers in my school consists of local people and native speakers of English varying from Canada, North America, England, Australia, Ireland, Scotland and New Zealand. Some of these teachers have had years and years of experience and would like to go about their business of teaching autonomously. They would like to think that they are professionals who know exactly what they’re doing. They hate to have principals or senior teachers breathing down their neck telling them about what they can or cannot do. Having said this, it does not mean that there’s no standardization, there are standardization to some extent. There are also constant trainings and workshops held to enhance teachers’ teaching ability and standards and goals are inserted through these trainings and workshops. Due to this fact I think The semi professional bureaucracy would work best because of the blend of the machine and the professional bureaucracy. The native speakers would always like to have their opinions on things and with this organizational structure, delegation and shared decision making are not uncommon. If the machine bureaucracy is applied, none of the native speakers would be happy working here and there will be alot of complaints and high staff turn over. If the Professional bureaucracy is applied then the organization would be too loose and become chaotic. So this semiprofessiona bureaucracy would work best.
I agree to the statement that qualified women in modern organizations including schools do not receive equal treatment or respect. Despite the trend of egalitarian organizations claiming women’s emancipation, the fact is that there is still inequality in terms of treatment and respect for women to some extent. The women who have high positions in an organization has to really know how to make use of the power that she has in order to gain respect from their male dominated subordinates. Women have to build their masculine virtues and values to some extent, which are competitiveness, domination, independence and rationality. That statement confirms to Scott (1992) “The principles by which organizations are structured-inequality, hiearchy, impersonality-devalue alternative modes of organizing that are alleged to be more of characteristic of women’s values:equalitarian and personalized associations” cited from Hoy and Miskel 1996. Therefore women have to somehow make themselves fit into that organization structure to be able to become an integral part of it.. Women has to do a lot more extra work than men to prove that they are capable and qualified to be in the position that they are in. If they don’t do enough, they will always be doubted and looked down upon by their subordinates.
Reflection question 1 Melani Hartanto
8212707024
October 10th, 2008
1. What organization model would work best to initiate school reform on your own
context?
As I do not work at school but at Puskesmas (Community Health Center), so I
will discuss the organization model in my daily work is as follows:
To avoid too much intimidation from the political power of incompetent officials, a better organizational model to initiate Health Department reform on my context is like this:
= commanding line
= coordinating line or authority
2. Qualified women in modern organization including schools do not receive equal
treatment or respect. Do you agree to that concern? Defend your answer.
I do not agree with that concern above, as in my daily work, many women
have been established in good position. My head of Regional Health
Department is Surabaya is a woman. 48 among 53 Heads of Community
Health Center or Puskesmas in Surabaya are women. Many of the school
Principals that I know are also women.
“Professional” is a better model rather than Authoritarian in our school organization. We have 4 programs which organized by Head of Department each on it. We don’t imply too much on bureaucratic ways, because Heads o Department already delegated by the Principal to develop and maintain all of the components on each programs. But, HoDs have to responsible for all of their components performance to the Principal. Professional plays important in it, because each of us has own responsible to our program and we need team work pattern with our colleagues to make the program more successful to gain with school vision in order to serve the customers (i.e. students, parents, and society) better.
Actually I do quite not agree, but I also have a bit opinion about that. There are many reasons regarding with “qualified women”. What kind of qualified women is? Is that already appropriate with school or modern organization needs? Sometimes, qualified women were done with their best performance in the community, but we have to note that every organization has a model, right? Meanwhile, in what organization model do the women apply in? Each of organization models has a SWOT analysis and also job career procedure or requirements. We can not insist to receive equal treatment or respect while the organization is not applying of it. If there is a well-managed of human resource development (in other word in professionalism), we should defend our quality to get better position or career path. Furthermore, the most important is that the women should develop their selves’ ability continuously through positive mental attitude, self-discipline, self-motivation, and self-empowerment.
1. What organization model would work best to initiate reform in your own context?
“Professional” is a better model rather than Authoritarian in our school organization. We have 4 programs which organized by Head of Department each on it. We don’t imply too much on bureaucratic ways, because Heads o Department already delegated by the Principal to develop and maintain all of the components on each programs. But, HoDs have to responsible for all of their components performance to the Principal. Professional plays important in it, because each of us has own responsible to our program and we need team work pattern with our colleagues to make the program more successful to gain with school vision in order to serve the customers (i.e. students, parents, and society) better.
2. Qualified women in modern organization including schools do not receive equal treatment or respect. Do you agree to that concern? Defend your answer.
Actually I do quite not agree, but I also have a bit opinion about that. There are many reasons regarding with “qualified women”. What kind of qualified women is? Is that already appropriate with school or modern organization needs? Sometimes, qualified women were done with their best performance in the community, but we have to note that every organization has a model, right? Meanwhile, in what organization model do the women apply in? Each of organization models has a SWOT analysis and also job career procedure or requirements. We can not insist to receive equal treatment or respect while the organization is not applying of it. If there is a well-managed of human resource development (in other word in professionalism), we should defend our quality to get better position or career path. Furthermore, the most important is that the women should develop their selves’ ability continuously through positive mental attitude, self-discipline, self-motivation, and self-empowerment.
1. In my opinion, the best organization model lies on the way the Principal handle her school. First of all, she needs to share the vision that is given to the rest of the member so that the goal of the school is reached. Not only sharing the vision and mission but also find ways that can be applied to accomplish that goal. This thing can be done by having an open relationship where the entire member of the school is willing to receive comments or even critiques that can build themselves and enrich the knowledge of making a better school environment. Second of all, this vision and mission should be shared to the Board commission as well and a support should be given by this part. It is because if the Principal and the rest of the school member has many ideas to make the school better but there is not any support from the Board Commission, then everything will be useless. So, I can say that a thing that shall be taken to reform the school is the open relationship among the Principal and the other school members and also the support from the Board Commission.
2. I do not really agree with that statement because in my opinion, in some organization, women are treated equally. One thing that comes to my mind when talking about women got a different treatment, it is because sometimes, women do not work with their brain only, but they involve their emotion as well. It ca be seen from the way they come up with their ideas or even the way they dress themselves. If only, these things can be reduced in the working place, an equal treatment will be given because the what so called “Boss” will see those women work as professionals and they finish their work professionally.
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